Climate change is a phenomenon that poses increasingly urgent global challenges. This phenomenon is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, resulting from human activities, such as burning fossil fuels, deforestation and industry. The impacts are very broad, ranging from changes in weather patterns to food and water security crises. One of the most obvious effects of climate change is increasing global average temperatures. According to the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) report, global temperatures have increased by around 1.1 degrees Celsius since the pre-industrial era. This rise causes melting polar ice caps and rising sea levels, which threaten coastal areas around the world. Climate change also causes extreme weather phenomena, such as storms, floods and droughts. Tropical storms are becoming more powerful and frequent, creating major damage to infrastructure and threatening human life. Meanwhile, prolonged drought reduces agricultural production, potentially causing a food crisis. In the agricultural sector, climate change is disrupting planting and harvest cycles, affecting global food security. Plants that once grew well in certain climatic conditions now struggle to survive. In some cases, farmers have been forced to switch to plant varieties that are more resistant to extreme temperatures, but this has not always been successful. Furthermore, climate change impacts human health. Increased temperature and humidity facilitate the spread of vector-based diseases, such as malaria and dengue fever. In addition, air pollution caused by activities that impact the climate also increases the risk of respiratory problems and cardiovascular disease. Countries around the world are faced with the challenge of reducing carbon emissions and adapting to the changes that have occurred. The 2015 Paris Agreement was an important first step, bringing countries together to limit global temperature rise to below 2 degrees Celsius. However, commitment and real action still need to be increased. Technological innovation is very important in efforts to mitigate climate change. The development of renewable energy, such as solar and wind power, has the potential to replace more polluting fossil energy sources. In addition, carbon capture and storage (CCS)-based technology aims to capture carbon emissions from the source before they reach the atmosphere. Public awareness also plays an important role. Education about climate change and its impacts must be disseminated, so that individuals and communities are aware of actions that can be taken in everyday life, such as reducing waste, saving energy, and supporting environmental policies. International collaboration as well as local-grassroots action is needed to achieve sustainability goals. Stakeholders, including governments, the private sector, and civil society, must work together to address these challenges comprehensively, so that effective adaptation and mitigation measures can be implemented globally.