International trade is the exchange of goods, services and capital between countries in the world. This activity is very important in strengthening global economic growth. With increasing globalization, international trade has undergone a significant transformation, allowing countries to access wider markets and exploit their comparative advantages. One of the main impacts of international trade is increasing economic efficiency. Countries that are able to produce goods at lower costs can export them to other countries. For example, countries with low labor costs are often production centers for consumer goods, such as electronics and textiles. This brings benefits to consumers, who can get products at more affordable prices. International trade also encourages innovation and technology transfer. Companies operating internationally often collaborate with partners from different countries, allowing for the exchange of new ideas and technologies. For example, the information technology sector is growing rapidly thanks to collaboration between multinational companies, thereby creating jobs and increasing production capacity globally. On the other hand, international trade also has a negative impact. One of them is the impact on local industry. When imported goods enter a country’s market, domestic industries that cannot compete with lower prices may experience reduced revenues or even close. This could cause an increase in unemployment and social instability. Free trade also has the potential to create economic dependence between countries. Countries that rely heavily on one or a few trading partners may face risks when trade relationships are disrupted. For example, political tensions or conflicts can disrupt trade flows, which in turn impacts the global economy as a whole. Additionally, international trade contributes to environmental problems. Increasing production to meet global demand can lead to overexploitation of natural resources and pollution. Countries often face a dilemma between increasing economic growth through trade and maintaining environmental sustainability. International trade policy also plays an important role in determining its impact on the global economy. Trade agreements such as NAFTA or RCEP influence tariffs and regulations, and strengthen relations between countries. In addition, organizations such as the WTO set rules and resolve trade disputes that arise, which is important for creating a fair and sustainable trading climate. Global crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic have also demonstrated the vulnerability of the international trading system. Disruptions to global supply chains affect the availability of goods and trigger price spikes. This emphasizes the importance of diversifying supply sources and being resilient in the face of global uncertainty. Overall, the impact of international trade on the global economy is complex. Trading can bring great benefits, but it can also pose challenges. Wise trade management is needed to maximize profits and minimize risks, so that all countries can experience the benefits of global economic integration, while maintaining social and environmental sustainability.